糖尿病前期中医证型及证素特点分析＊

目的 探讨糖尿病前期的中医证型及证素分布特点。方法 检索中国知网、万方及维普三大数据库中收录的自建库以来有关糖尿病前期证型的临床研究文献，对中医证型进行规范整理，建立数据库，提取证素，运用数据挖掘技术中的关联分析、聚类分析探究证素分布规律。结果 共纳入10篇文献，总有效病例1620例，证型经规范处理后整理为18个，主要证型为脾虚痰湿证。共提取证素13个，主要病位证素为脾，主要病性证素为气虚、湿和痰，关联分析显示脾—湿支持度和置信度最高，聚类分析结果可得到3个聚类组。结论 糖尿病前期病位在脾，气虚、脾、痰、湿是常见证素，临床诊治糖尿病前期应注重从脾论治，需辨证施治。     

胃肠安丸对葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的治疗作用及机制

目的探讨胃肠安丸对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的治疗作用及机制。方法SPF级C57BL/6小鼠60只,除正常对照组小鼠外,其余小鼠均给予2.5%DSS水溶液,自由饮用7 d制备溃疡性结肠炎模型,模型评价后再随机分为模型组、美沙拉嗪组及胃肠安丸高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组。胃肠安丸低、中、高剂量组分别给予0.015、0.03、0.06 g/(kg·d)胃肠安丸混悬液0.5 mL灌胃,1次/d;美沙拉嗪组给予0.52 g/(kg·d)美沙拉嗪混悬液0.5 mL灌胃,1次/d;正常对照组和模型组给予等体积纯水灌胃,均连续干预10 d。对比各组小鼠疾病活动指数(DAI)评分、结肠长度,用HE染色观察小鼠结肠组织病理形态学变化,用流式细胞术检测脾组织中Treg、Th17、CD4^+、CD8^+细胞百分比,ELISA法检测血清细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、CRP水平。结果药物干预过程中,各组小鼠体质量均逐日增加,腹泻、便血、体质量下降等症状逐日缓解,与模型组相比,美沙拉嗪组和胃肠安丸高剂量组能更快地缓解上述症状,2组DAI评分逐日下降(P<0.05)。药物干预结束后,与模型组比较,胃肠安丸高剂量组和美沙拉嗪组小鼠结肠较长(P<0.05),结肠组织充血、间质水肿及炎性细胞浸润较轻,CD4^+、CD8^+、Treg细胞百分比及血清IL-10水平较高(P<0.05),Th17细胞百分比及血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、CRP水平较低(P<0.05)。结论胃肠安丸对DSS诱导的小鼠肠道黏膜损伤有一定的修复作用,其作用机制可能与恢复Treg/Th17免疫平衡以及调节相关细胞因子水平有关。     

耳甲电针治疗功能性消化不良的临床效果

目的:观察耳甲电针治疗功能性消化不良的疗效。方法:选取2018年6月至2019年5月北京同仁医院收治的功能性消化不良患者90例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组45例,对照组采用对照刺激,观察组采用耳甲电针刺激,所有患者治疗前后均使用功能性消化不良主要症状评分表、功能性消化不良生命质量量表(FDDQL)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估患者症状的严重程度,并参照功能性消化不良中医诊疗专家共识意见和功能性消化不良中西医结合诊疗共识意见的疗效评估方法,对比分析观察组与对照组治疗功能性消化不良的疗效。结果:观察组和对照组治疗前主要症状评分表、功能性消化不良生命质量量表(FDDQL)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后观察组症状及量表评分与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗有效率82.22%,对照组治疗有效率57.78%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:耳甲电针对于功能性消化不良的各项症状具有较好的疗效。     

三棱火针加拔罐治疗腘窝囊肿30例

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of the fire needling with the three-edged needle and the cupping on popliteal cyst.MethodsA total of 60 patients of popliteal cyst were divided into two groups, 30 cases in each one according to the random number table. In the fire needling group, the burnt-red three-edged needle was inserted to the deep layer of the cyst. After the fluid was squeezed out, the cupping was exerted. The treatment was given 1 to 2 times a week, for 4 weeks totally. In the western medication group, prednisolone acetate 25 mg was injected in the cyst capsule, once a week, for 4 weeks totally. The effective rate, recurrence rate and Rauschning–Lindgren grading were evaluated before and after treatment.ResultsThe total effective rate was 80.0% in the fire needling group and was 83.3% in the western medication group, without statistical significance in comparison (P > 0.05). The recurrence rate was 6.7% in the fire needling group and was 30% in the western medication group. The recurrence rate in the fire needling group was lower than that in the western medication group, indicating the statistical significance (P < 0.05). After treatment, Rauschning–Lindgren grade was different statistically as compared with that before treatment in either group (both P < 0.05). Rauschning–Lindgren grade was distributed in 0 to I in the fire needling group after treatment, which was different significantly as compared with the western medication group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe combined treatment with the fire needling combined with cupping therapy achieves the satisfactory effect on popliteal cyst and the very low recurrence rate and it is easy in operation and deserves to be promoted in primary care.     

补肾阳中药治疗促性腺激素缺乏型男性不育的网络分子机制初探

目的初探补肾阳中药治疗促性腺激素缺乏型男性不育的潜在分子机制。方法结合生物信息学方法建立补肾阳中药的成分库、表征美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)批准用于治疗促性腺激素缺乏男性不育的药物靶标库;再应用通路分析软件(ingenuity pathway analysis,IPA)将成分库投影靶标库,筛选出可作用于靶标及通路的成分,预测分子成分功能,构建“成分-靶标”分子网络。结果分别建立了补肾阳中药成分库(242个化合物)与FDA批准药物靶标库(565个靶标),成分库与靶标库投影后发现补肾阳中药成分库中的30个化学成分可直接激活或抑制药物靶标库中的60个靶标,参与缺氧诱导因子1-α(hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha,HIF1α)信号途径,血小板反应蛋白1(thrombospondin 1,TSP1)抑制血管生成途径,芳基烃受体信号途径,孕烷X受体(pregnane X receptor,PXR)/类视黄醇X受体(retinoid X receptor,RXR)激活等18条通路的直接调控。结论本研究构建了补肾阳中药治疗促性腺激素缺乏型男性不育的“成分-靶标”分子网络,分析其治疗效应机制,为补肾阳中药治疗促性腺激素缺乏型男性不育奠定理论基础和实验依据,具有一定的科学意义。     

芍药甘草汤的历史沿革与现代研究

芍药甘草汤最早见于张仲景《伤寒杂病论》,由白芍和甘草(炙)等比例配伍而成,具有养血敛阴、调和肝脾、缓急止痛之功效,用于血虚津伤和筋脉失濡所致的腿脚挛急、脘腹疼痛。被历代医家推崇并沿用至今,并且拓展出了应用范围。现代药理研究表明,芍药甘草汤具有显著的解痉、止痛、镇咳、平喘及抗炎等作用,用于治疗痉挛性疾病、疼痛性疾病、炎症性疾病、支气管哮喘及妇产科疾病等。笔者从芍药甘草汤的历史沿革与方义衍变、组方配伍分析、药理药效学研究、现代临床应用4个方面进行系统阐述,以期为该经典名方的现代研究开发提供理论依据和文献参考,并为其制剂的临床定位提供理论和实践支撑。     

基于数据挖掘的中医药治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎用药规律研究

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情发展迅速,危害严重,目前尚无特效药,而中医药在此疫情中发挥了积极的作用。该研究通过收集国家、各省、自治区和直辖市发布的诊疗方案,及中国知网、万方、维普三大数据库相关文献报道,全面系统整理现代中医治疗COVID-19的处方,并通过中医传承辅助平台V2.5,确定处方中用药的四气、五味、归经、使用频次、药物之间的关联规则及形成的新处方等。最终纳入有效处方96首,其中四气主要集中在温、寒、平,五味主要集中在苦、辛、甘,归经主要集中在肺、胃、脾经;使用高频次药物为甘草、杏仁、生石膏等;高频次药物组合为生石膏-杏仁,生石膏-甘草,甘草-杏仁等;核心组合有葶苈子-杏仁-生石膏,藿香-生姜-厚朴,麦冬-杏仁-黄芩等;形成新处方葶苈子、杏仁、生石膏、藿香、生姜、厚朴,麦冬、杏仁、黄芩、五味子、西洋参等。从药性到高频药物及新处方可以看出,我国现代中医治疗COVID-19的整体治则为扶正祛邪,兼顾气阴。     

经皮耳迷走神经刺激干预功能性消化不良模型大鼠的效应及机制研究

ObjectiveTo explore the effect and its possible mechanism of the intervention of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for the functional dyspepsia (FD) model rats.MethodsOf the 25 male SD rats, 6 rats were set as blank group, the other 19 rats were established to be the functional dyspepsia (FD) model by iodoacetamide intragastric administration, and 18 FD models were successfully established. The 18 model rats were randomly divided into a model group, a sham-taVNS group, and taVNS group, with 6 rats in each group. There was no intervention applied to the rats in the blank and model groups. Whereas, the rats in sham-taVNS group received stimulation to the rim of auricular concha of both sides, and those in taVNS group received stimulation to the cavity of auricular concha of both sides, for 30 min each time, once a day, 7 days in succession. After the intervention, the gastric sensitivity of the rats in each group under different pressure conditions in the stomach, the expressions of serum brain-gut peptide motilin (MTL), cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-likepeptide1 (GLP-1), and inflammatory factors IL-4, IL-10, and IL-1β were detected.Results(1) Gastric sensitivity: compared with the blank group, the gastric sensitivity of the model group was higher (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the gastric sensitivity of the taVNS group was lower (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham-taVNS group, the gastric sensitivity of the taVNS group was lower (P <0.05).(2) Expression of brain-gut peptide: compared with the blank group, MTL was lower, CCK and GLP-1 were higher in the model group (all P <0.05). Compared with the model group, MTL was higher, CCK and GLP-1 were lower in the taVNS group (all P <0.05). Compared with the sham-taVNS group, CCK and GLP-1 were lower in the taVNS group (both P<0.05). (3)Expression of inflammatory factors: compared with the blank group, IL-4 and IL-10 were lower and IL-1β was higher in the model group (all P <0.05). Compared with the model group, IL-10 was higher and IL-1β was lower in the sham-taVNS group (all P <0.05), while IL-4 and IL-10 were higher and IL-1β was lower in the taVNS group (all P <0.05). Compared with the sham-taVNS group, IL-4 and IL-10 were higher and IL-1β was lower in the taVNS group (all P <0.05).ConclusionTaVNS can reduce the gastric sensitivity of FD model rats by peripheral anti-inflammatory action and regulating the abnormal secretion of brain-gut peptide.     

早期骨转移分子机制的研究进展

骨转移是恶性肿瘤常见并发症，其中乳腺癌和肺癌多为溶骨性骨转移，具有临床发病率高的特点，其临床表现为疼痛、高钙血症、病理性骨折等，严重影响患者生活质量以及缩短生存时间。然而，肿瘤细胞转移到骨微环境的机制尚未完全明确，最新研究提示骨转移出现临床症状前，肿瘤细胞和骨微环境之间存在相关调控的作用。本文从肿瘤细胞和骨微环境的特异性、肿瘤细胞与骨细胞之间的相互调控等方面进行综述，以期指导临床用药。     

基于真实世界中刺五加注射液应用于心血管病的复杂网络分析＊

为分析真实世界刺五加注射液治疗心管病的联合用药治疗方案，提取全国19家三甲医院信息系统（HIS）数据库中使用刺五加注射液治疗心血管疾病患者的一般信息、中西医诊断信息、医嘱记录，采用Tabu算法挖掘不同子结构之间的关系，并用复杂网络分析将结果可视化。全国19家医院5904例患者纳入分析，优效人群为2595，占44%。刺五加注射液治疗心血管疾病常与西药的抗心绞痛药、抗心律失常药、心血管扩张药、抗血栓药、降血脂药及中药祛瘀剂联合应用，使用频次最高的是单硝酸异山梨酯和中药的速效救心丸。优效人群的联合用药方案中不仅有对症治疗，还有针对基础病的用药，在临床中取得较为理想的疗效。通过对不同子结构之间关系的深入分析，可以为联合用药以及研发用药提供支持和借鉴。